Roulette game

ABSTRACT

According to various embodiments, an apparatus may laser project a customized ordering of numbers onto a roulette wheel.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/107,352, filed Dec. 16, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/852,558, filed Sep. 10, 2007 (now U.S. Pat. No.8,613,447, issued Dec. 24, 2013), which claims the benefit of thefollowing applications, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.60/825,012, filed Sep. 8, 2006; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser.No. 60/825,812, filed Sep. 15, 2006; and U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 60/826,298, filed Sep. 20, 2006. These applicationsare incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Various apparatus have been employed for conducting games.

SUMMARY

According to various embodiments, an apparatus enables for customizedplay of a game.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary layout of a roulette reel.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary tabular implementation of a function.

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary tabular implementation of a function.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following sections I-X provide a guide to interpreting the presentapplication.

I. Terms

The term “product” means any machine, manufacture and/or composition ofmatter, unless expressly specified otherwise.

The term “process” means any process, algorithm, method or the like,unless expressly specified otherwise.

Each process (whether called a method, algorithm or otherwise)inherently includes one or more steps, and therefore all references to a“step” or “steps” of a process have an inherent antecedent basis in themere recitation of the term ‘process’ or a like term. Accordingly, anyreference in a claim to a ‘step’ or ‘steps’ of a process has sufficientantecedent basis.

The term “invention” and the like mean “the one or more inventionsdisclosed in this application”, unless expressly specified otherwise.

The terms “an embodiment”, “embodiment”, “embodiments”, “theembodiment”, “the embodiments”, “one or more embodiments”, “someembodiments”, “certain embodiments”, “one embodiment”, “anotherembodiment” and the like mean “one or more (but not all) embodiments ofthe disclosed invention(s)”, unless expressly specified otherwise.

The term “variation” of an invention means an embodiment of theinvention, unless expressly specified otherwise.

A reference to “another embodiment” in describing an embodiment does notimply that the referenced embodiment is mutually exclusive with anotherembodiment (e.g., an embodiment described before the referencedembodiment), unless expressly specified otherwise.

The terms “including”, “comprising” and variations thereof mean“including but not limited to”, unless expressly specified otherwise.

The terms “a”, “an” and “the” mean “one or more”, unless expresslyspecified otherwise.

The term “plurality” means “two or more”, unless expressly specifiedotherwise.

The term “herein” means “in the present application, including anythingwhich may be incorporated by reference”, unless expressly specifiedotherwise.

The phrase “at least one of”, when such phrase modifies a plurality ofthings (such as an enumerated list of things) means any combination ofone or more of those things, unless expressly specified otherwise. Forexample, the phrase “at least one of a widget, a car and a wheel” meanseither (i) a widget, (ii) a car, (iii) a wheel, (iv) a widget and a car,(v) a widget and a wheel, (vi) a car and a wheel, or (vii) a widget, acar and a wheel. The phrase “at least one of”, when such phrase modifiesa plurality of things does not mean “one of” each of the plurality ofthings.

Numerical terms such as “one”, “two”, etc. when used as cardinal numbersto indicate quantity of something (e.g., one widget, two widgets), meanthe quantity indicated by that numerical term, but do not mean at leastthe quantity indicated by that numerical term. For example, the phrase“one widget” does not mean “at least one widget”, and therefore thephrase “one widget” does not cover, e.g., two widgets.

The phrase “based on” does not mean “based only on”, unless expresslyspecified otherwise. In other words, the phrase “based on” describesboth “based only on” and “based at least on”. The phrase “based at leaston” is equivalent to the phrase “based at least in part on”.

The term “represent” and like terms are not exclusive, unless expresslyspecified otherwise. For example, the term “represents” do not mean“represents only”, unless expressly specified otherwise. In other words,the phrase “the data represents a credit card number” describes both“the data represents only a credit card number” and “the data representsa credit card number and the data also represents something else”.

The term “whereby” is used herein only to precede a clause or other setof words that express only the intended result, objective or consequenceof something that is previously and explicitly recited. Thus, when theterm “whereby” is used in a claim, the clause or other words that theterm “whereby” modifies do not establish specific further limitations ofthe claim or otherwise restricts the meaning or scope of the claim.

The term “e.g.” and like terms mean “for example”, and thus does notlimit the term or phrase it explains. For example, in the sentence “thecomputer sends data (e.g., instructions, a data structure) over theInternet”, the term “e.g.” explains that “instructions” are an exampleof “data” that the computer may send over the Internet, and alsoexplains that “a data structure” is an example of “data” that thecomputer may send over the Internet. However, both “instructions” and “adata structure” are merely examples of “data”, and other things besides“instructions” and “a data structure” can be “data”.

The term “respective” and like terms mean “taken individually”. Thus iftwo or more things have “respective” characteristics, then each suchthing has its own characteristic, and these characteristics can bedifferent from each other but need not be. For example, the phrase “eachof two machines has a respective function” means that the first suchmachine has a function and the second such machine has a function aswell. The function of the first machine may or may not be the same asthe function of the second machine.

The term “i.e.” and like terms mean “that is”, and thus limits the termor phrase it explains. For example, in the sentence “the computer sendsdata (i.e., instructions) over the Internet”, the term “i.e.” explainsthat “instructions” are the “data” that the computer sends over theInternet.

Any given numerical range shall include whole and fractions of numberswithin the range. For example, the range “1 to 10” shall be interpretedto specifically include whole numbers between 1 and 10 (e.g., 1, 2, 3,4, . . . 9) and non-whole numbers (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, . . . 1.9).

Where two or more terms or phrases are synonymous (e.g., because of anexplicit statement that the terms or phrases are synonymous), instancesof one such term/phrase does not mean instances of another suchterm/phrase must have a different meaning. For example, where astatement renders the meaning of “including” to be synonymous with“including but not limited to”, the mere usage of the phrase “includingbut not limited to” does not mean that the term “including” meanssomething other than “including but not limited to”.

II. Determining

The term “determining” and grammatical variants thereof (e.g., todetermine a price, determining a value, determine an object which meetsa certain criterion) is used in an extremely broad sense. The term“determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions and therefore“determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving,investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database oranother data structure), ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining”can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g.,accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” caninclude resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.

The term “determining” does not imply certainty or absolute precision,and therefore “determining” can include estimating, extrapolating,predicting, guessing and the like.

The term “determining” does not imply that mathematical processing mustbe performed, and does not imply that numerical methods must be used,and does not imply that an algorithm or process is used.

The term “determining” does not imply that any particular device must beused. For example, a computer need not necessarily perform thedetermining.

III. Forms of Sentences

Where a limitation of a first claim would cover one of a feature as wellas more than one of a feature (e.g., a limitation such as “at least onewidget” covers one widget as well as more than one widget), and where ina second claim that depends on the first claim, the second claim uses adefinite article “the” to refer to the limitation (e.g., “the widget”),this does not imply that the first claim covers only one of the feature,and this does not imply that the second claim covers only one of thefeature (e.g., “the widget” can cover both one widget and more than onewidget).

When an ordinal number (such as “first”, “second”, “third” and so on) isused as an adjective before a term, that ordinal number is used (unlessexpressly specified otherwise) merely to indicate a particular feature,such as to distinguish that particular feature from another feature thatis described by the same term or by a similar term. For example, a“first widget” may be so named merely to distinguish it from, e.g., a“second widget”. Thus, the mere usage of the ordinal numbers “first” and“second” before the term “widget” does not indicate any otherrelationship between the two widgets, and likewise does not indicate anyother characteristics of either or both widgets. For example, the mereusage of the ordinal numbers “first” and “second” before the term“widget” (1) does not indicate that either widget comes before or afterany other in order or location; (2) does not indicate that either widgetoccurs or acts before or after any other in time; and (3) does notindicate that either widget ranks above or below any other, as inimportance or quality. In addition, the mere usage of ordinal numbersdoes not define a numerical limit to the features identified with theordinal numbers. For example, the mere usage of the ordinal numbers“first” and “second” before the term “widget” does not indicate thatthere must be no more than two widgets.

When a single device, article or other product is described herein, morethan one device/article (whether or not they cooperate) mayalternatively be used in place of the single device/article that isdescribed. Accordingly, the functionality that is described as beingpossessed by a device may alternatively be possessed by more than onedevice/article (whether or not they cooperate).

Similarly, where more than one device, article or other product isdescribed herein (whether or not they cooperate), a singledevice/article may alternatively be used in place of the more than onedevice or article that is described. For example, a plurality ofcomputer-based devices may be substituted with a single computer-baseddevice. Accordingly, the various functionality that is described asbeing possessed by more than one device or article may alternatively bepossessed by a single device/article.

The functionality and/or the features of a single device that isdescribed may be alternatively embodied by one or more other deviceswhich are described but are not explicitly described as having suchfunctionality/features. Thus, other embodiments need not include thedescribed device itself, but rather can include the one or more otherdevices which would, in those other embodiments, have suchfunctionality/features.

IV. Disclosed Examples and Terminology are not Limiting

Neither the Title (set forth at the beginning of the first page of thepresent application) nor the Abstract (set forth at the end of thepresent application) is to be taken as limiting in any way as the scopeof the disclosed invention(s). An Abstract has been included in thisapplication merely because an Abstract of not more than 150 words isrequired under 37 C.F.R. § 1.72(b).

The title of the present application and headings of sections providedin the present application are for convenience only, and are not to betaken as limiting the disclosure in any way.

Numerous embodiments are described in the present application, and arepresented for illustrative purposes only. The described embodiments arenot, and are not intended to be, limiting in any sense. The presentlydisclosed invention(s) are widely applicable to numerous embodiments, asis readily apparent from the disclosure. One of ordinary skill in theart will recognize that the disclosed invention(s) may be practiced withvarious modifications and alterations, such as structural, logical,software, and electrical modifications. Although particular features ofthe disclosed invention(s) may be described with reference to one ormore particular embodiments and/or drawings, it should be understoodthat such features are not limited to usage in the one or moreparticular embodiments or drawings with reference to which they aredescribed, unless expressly specified otherwise.

No embodiment of method steps or product elements described in thepresent application constitutes the invention claimed herein, or isessential to the invention claimed herein, or is coextensive with theinvention claimed herein, except where it is either expressly stated tobe so in this specification or expressly recited in a claim.

The preambles of the claims that follow recite purposes, benefits andpossible uses of the claimed invention only and do not limit the claimedinvention.

The present disclosure is not a literal description of all embodimentsof the invention(s). Also, the present disclosure is not a listing offeatures of the invention(s) which must be present in all embodiments.

Devices that are described as in communication with each other need notbe in continuous communication with each other, unless expresslyspecified otherwise. On the contrary, such devices need only transmit toeach other as necessary or desirable, and may actually refrain fromexchanging data most of the time. For example, a machine incommunication with another machine via the Internet may not transmitdata to the other machine for long period of time (e.g. weeks at atime). In addition, devices that are in communication with each othermay communicate directly or indirectly through one or moreintermediaries.

A description of an embodiment with several components or features doesnot imply that all or even any of such components/features are required.On the contrary, a variety of optional components are described toillustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of the presentinvention(s). Unless otherwise specified explicitly, nocomponent/feature is essential or required.

Although process steps, algorithms or the like may be described orclaimed in a particular sequential order, such processes may beconfigured to work in different orders. In other words, any sequence ororder of steps that may be explicitly described or claimed does notnecessarily indicate a requirement that the steps be performed in thatorder. The steps of processes described herein may be performed in anyorder possible. Further, some steps may be performed simultaneouslydespite being described or implied as occurring non-simultaneously(e.g., because one step is described after the other step). Moreover,the illustration of a process by its depiction in a drawing does notimply that the illustrated process is exclusive of other variations andmodifications thereto, does not imply that the illustrated process orany of its steps are necessary to the invention(s), and does not implythat the illustrated process is preferred.

Although a process may be described as including a plurality of steps,that does not imply that all or any of the steps are preferred,essential or required. Various other embodiments within the scope of thedescribed invention(s) include other processes that omit some or all ofthe described steps. Unless otherwise specified explicitly, no step isessential or required.

Although a process may be described singly or without reference to otherproducts or methods, in an embodiment the process may interact withother products or methods. For example, such interaction may includelinking one business model to another business model. Such interactionmay be provided to enhance the flexibility or desirability of theprocess.

Although a product may be described as including a plurality ofcomponents, aspects, qualities, characteristics and/or features, thatdoes not indicate that any or all of the plurality are preferred,essential or required. Various other embodiments within the scope of thedescribed invention(s) include other products that omit some or all ofthe described plurality.

An enumerated list of items (which may or may not be numbered) does notimply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive, unlessexpressly specified otherwise. Likewise, an enumerated list of items(which may or may not be numbered) does not imply that any or all of theitems are comprehensive of any category, unless expressly specifiedotherwise. For example, the enumerated list “a computer, a laptop, aPDA” does not imply that any or all of the three items of that list aremutually exclusive and does not imply that any or all of the three itemsof that list are comprehensive of any category.

An enumerated list of items (which may or may not be numbered) does notimply that any or all of the items are equivalent to each other orreadily substituted for each other.

All embodiments are illustrative, and do not imply that the invention orany embodiments were made or performed, as the case may be.

V. Computing

It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that thevarious processes described herein may be implemented by, e.g.,appropriately programmed general purpose computers, special purposecomputers and computing devices. Typically a processor (e.g., one ormore microprocessors, one or more microcontrollers, one or more digitalsignal processors) will receive instructions (e.g., from a memory orlike device), and execute those instructions, thereby performing one ormore processes defined by those instructions. Instructions may beembodied in, e.g., one or more computer programs, one or more scripts.

A “processor” means one or more microprocessors, central processingunits (CPUs), computing devices, microcontrollers, digital signalprocessors, or like devices or any combination thereof, regardless ofthe architecture (e.g., chip-level multiprocessing/multi-core, RISC,CISC, Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages, pipeliningconfiguration, simultaneous multithreading).

Thus a description of a process is likewise a description of anapparatus for performing the process. The apparatus that performs theprocess can include, e.g., a processor and those input devices andoutput devices that are appropriate to perform the process.

Further, programs that implement such methods (as well as other types ofdata) may be stored and transmitted using a variety of media (e.g.,computer readable media) in a number of manners. In some embodiments,hard-wired circuitry or custom hardware may be used in place of, or incombination with, some or all of the software instructions that canimplement the processes of various embodiments. Thus, variouscombinations of hardware and software may be used instead of softwareonly.

The term “computer-readable medium” refers to any medium, a plurality ofthe same, or a combination of different media, that participate inproviding data (e.g., instructions, data structures) which may be readby a computer, a processor or a like device. Such a medium may take manyforms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media,and transmission media. Non-volatile media include, for example, opticalor magnetic disks and other persistent memory. Volatile media includedynamic random access memory (DRAM), which typically constitutes themain memory. Transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wire andfiber optics, including the wires that comprise a system bus coupled tothe processor. Transmission media may include or convey acoustic waves,light waves and electromagnetic emissions, such as those generatedduring radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications.Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, a floppydisk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magneticmedium, a CD-ROM, DVD, any other optical medium, punch cards, papertape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM,an EPROM, a FLASH-EEPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrierwave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computercan read.

Various forms of computer readable media may be involved in carryingdata (e.g. sequences of instructions) to a processor. For example, datamay be (i) delivered from RAM to a processor; (ii) carried over awireless transmission medium; (iii) formatted and/or transmittedaccording to numerous formats, standards or protocols, such as Ethernet(or IEEE 802.3), SAP, ATP, Bluetooth™, and TCP/IP, TDMA, CDMA, and 3G;and/or (iv) encrypted to ensure privacy or prevent fraud in any of avariety of ways well known in the art.

Thus a description of a process is likewise a description of acomputer-readable medium storing a program for performing the process.The computer-readable medium can store (in any appropriate format) thoseprogram elements which are appropriate to perform the method.

Just as the description of various steps in a process does not indicatethat all the described steps are required, embodiments of an apparatusinclude a computer/computing device operable to perform some (but notnecessarily all) of the described process.

Likewise, just as the description of various steps in a process does notindicate that all the described steps are required, embodiments of acomputer-readable medium storing a program or data structure include acomputer-readable medium storing a program that, when executed, cancause a processor to perform some (but not necessarily all) of thedescribed process.

Where databases are described, it will be understood by one of ordinaryskill in the art that (i) alternative database structures to thosedescribed may be readily employed, and (ii) other memory structuresbesides databases may be readily employed. Any illustrations ordescriptions of any sample databases presented herein are illustrativearrangements for stored representations of information. Any number ofother arrangements may be employed besides those suggested by, e.g.,tables illustrated in drawings or elsewhere. Similarly, any illustratedentries of the databases represent exemplary information only; one ofordinary skill in the art will understand that the number and content ofthe entries can be different from those described herein. Further,despite any depiction of the databases as tables, other formats(including relational databases, object-based models and/or distributeddatabases) could be used to store and manipulate the data typesdescribed herein. Likewise, object methods or behaviors of a databasecan be used to implement various processes, such as the describedherein. In addition, the databases may, in a known manner, be storedlocally or remotely from a device which accesses data in such adatabase.

Various embodiments can be configured to work in a network environmentincluding a computer that is in communication (e.g., via acommunications network) with one or more devices. The computer maycommunicate with the devices directly or indirectly, via any wired orwireless medium (e.g. the Internet, LAN, WAN or Ethernet, Token Ring, atelephone line, a cable line, a radio channel, an optical communicationsline, commercial on-line service providers, bulletin board systems, asatellite communications link, a combination of any of the above). Eachof the devices may themselves comprise computers or other computingdevices, such as those based on the Intel® Pentium® or Centrino™processor, that are adapted to communicate with the computer. Any numberand type of devices may be in communication with the computer.

In an embodiment, a server computer or centralized authority may not benecessary or desirable. For example, the present invention may, in anembodiment, be practiced on one or more devices without a centralauthority. In such an embodiment, any functions described herein asperformed by the server computer or data described as stored on theserver computer may instead be performed by or stored on one or moresuch devices.

Where a process is described, in an embodiment the process may operatewithout any user intervention. In another embodiment, the processincludes some human intervention (e.g., a step is performed by or withthe assistance of a human).

VI. Continuing Applications

The present disclosure provides, to one of ordinary skill in the art, anenabling description of several embodiments and/or inventions. Some ofthese embodiments and/or inventions may not be claimed in the presentapplication, but may nevertheless be claimed in one or more continuingapplications that claim the benefit of priority of the presentapplication.

Applicants intend to file additional applications to pursue patents forsubject matter that has been disclosed and enabled but not claimed inthe present application.

VII. 35 U.S.C. § 112, Paragraph 6

In a claim, a limitation of the claim which includes the phrase “meansfor” or the phrase “step for” means that 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 6,applies to that limitation.

In a claim, a limitation of the claim which does not include the phrase“means for” or the phrase “step for” means that 35 U.S.C. § 112,paragraph 6 does not apply to that limitation, regardless of whetherthat limitation recites a function without recitation of structure,material or acts for performing that function. For example, in a claim,the mere use of the phrase “step of” or the phrase “steps of” inreferring to one or more steps of the claim or of another claim does notmean that 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 6, applies to that step(s).

With respect to a means or a step for performing a specified function inaccordance with 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 6, the correspondingstructure, material or acts described in the specification, andequivalents thereof, may perform additional functions as well as thespecified function.

Computers, processors, computing devices and like products arestructures that can perform a wide variety of functions. Such productscan be operable to perform a specified function by executing one or moreprograms, such as a program stored in a memory device of that product orin a memory device which that product accesses. Unless expresslyspecified otherwise, such a program need not be based on any particularalgorithm, such as any particular algorithm that might be disclosed inthe present application. It is well known to one of ordinary skill inthe art that a specified function may be implemented via differentalgorithms, and any of a number of different algorithms would be a meredesign choice for carrying out the specified function.

Therefore, with respect to a means or a step for performing a specifiedfunction in accordance with 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 6, structurecorresponding to a specified function includes any product programmed toperform the specified function. Such structure includes programmedproducts which perform the function, regardless of whether such productis programmed with (i) a disclosed algorithm for performing thefunction, (ii) an algorithm that is similar to a disclosed algorithm, or(iii) a different algorithm for performing the function.

Where there is recited a means for performing a function hat is amethod, one structure for performing this method includes a computingdevice (e.g., a general purpose computer) that is programmed and/orconfigured with appropriate hardware to perform that function.

Also includes a computing device (e.g., a general purpose computer) thatis programmed and/or configured with appropriate hardware to performthat function via other algorithms as would be understood by one ofordinary skill in the art.

VIII. Disclaimer

Numerous references to a particular embodiment does not indicate adisclaimer or disavowal of additional, different embodiments, andsimilarly references to the description of embodiments which all includea particular feature does not indicate a disclaimer or disavowal ofembodiments which do not include that particular feature. A cleardisclaimer or disavowal in the present application shall be prefaced bythe phrase “does not include” or by the phrase “cannot perform”.

IX. Incorporation By Reference

Any patent, patent application or other document referred to herein isincorporated by reference into this patent application as part of thepresent disclosure, but only for purposes of written description inaccordance with 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 1 and enablement inaccordance with 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 1, and should in no way beused to limit, define, or otherwise construe any term of the presentapplication where the present application, without such incorporation byreference, would not have failed to provide an ascertainable meaning,but rather would have allowed an ascertainable meaning for such term tobe provided. Thus, the person of ordinary skill in the art need not havebeen in any way limited by any embodiments provided in the reference

Any incorporation by reference does not, in and of itself, imply anyendorsement of, ratification of or acquiescence in any statements,opinions, arguments or characterizations contained in any incorporatedpatent, patent application or other document, unless explicitlyspecified otherwise in this patent application.

X. Prosecution History

In interpreting the present application (which includes the claims), oneof ordinary skill in the art shall refer to the prosecution history ofthe present application, but not to the prosecution history of any otherpatent or patent application, regardless of whether there are otherpatent applications that are considered related to the presentapplication, and regardless of whether there are other patentapplications that share a claim of priority with the presentapplication.

XI. Embodiments of the Invention

In various embodiments a player may make a bet on a game of roulette. Insome embodiments, in making the bet, the player may physically providecash, chips or other considerations. In some embodiments, the bet may bea notional amount, which, for example, is understood but not immediatelyprovided.

The bet may include a designated outcome. The designated outcome may bespecified by the player making the bet. The designated outcome may be anumber, such as 19. The designated outcome may be a color, such as“black”. The designated outcome may be any other possible outcome.

A spin of the roulette wheel may determine an actual outcome of thegame. In various embodiments, the actual outcome is the outcome thatoccurs from the play of the game. For example, the actual outcome may bethe number that is indicated once the wheel has been spun and once theball comes to rest in the numbered pocket corresponding to the number.The player may then be paid based on the relationship between the actualoutcome and the designated outcome.

In various embodiments, the payout of the bet can be based on thenumerical difference between the number which is the actual outcome andthe number which is the designated outcome. For example, the payout ofthe bet can be a linear function of the numerical difference between thenumber which is the actual outcome and the number which is thedesignated outcome.

In some embodiments, if the actual outcome is greater than thedesignated outcome, the player is paid a positive amount that isproportional to the difference between the number which is the actualoutcome and the number which is the designated outcome. The constant ofproportionality may be the amount of the bet placed by the player. Insome embodiments, the amount paid to a player may be B*(ActualOutcome−Designated Outcome). In some embodiments, the amount paid to theplayer may be paid only if the actual outcome is greater than thedesignated outcome. If the actual outcome is less than the designatedoutcome, then the casino may keep an amount bet by the player, but theplayer may have no further obligations. In some embodiments, the amountpaid may have the potential to be negative. For example, if the actualoutcome is less than the designated outcome, then the amount paid may benegative. A negative amount paid may indicate that the player has to paythe casino. The player may pay the casino an amount according to theabove formula. In other words, the player may pay the casino an amountthat is proportional to the amount by which the actual outcome is lessthan the designated outcome.

In various embodiments, the player may be paid a positive amount if theactual outcome is less than the designated outcome. In some embodiments,the amount paid to the player may be B*(Designated Outcome−ActualOutcome).

In some embodiments, a player may be paid based on the physical distanceon a roulette reel between the actual outcome and the designatedoutcome. The physical distance may be measured in terms of numbers orspaces. For example, the actual and designated outcomes may be one andthe same, in which case the distance may be 0. The actual and physicaloutcomes may be adjacent to each other on the roulette wheel, in whichcase the distance may be 1. The actual and physical outcomes may have 1space between them, where the space corresponds to a third number on theroulette wheel. In this case, the distance between the actual andphysical outcomes may be two. A distance may be considered positive ifit corresponds to one direction. For example, if the actual outcomeoccurs after the designated outcome in a clockwise direction, then thedistance between the actual outcome and the designated outcome may beconsidered to be positive. If the actual outcome occurs before thedesignated outcome in the clockwise direction, then the distance betweenthe actual outcome and the designated outcome may be considered to benegative. It will be appreciated, that the reverse could be true aswell, e.g., the actual outcome occurring after the designated outcome inthe counter-clockwise direction would make the distance between theoutcomes positive. Note that a relationship between the actual and thedesignated outcomes may be based on which is the closer distance betweenthem. For example, the actual and designated outcomes may be consideredto be one space apart or 37 spaces apart. The lower distance may govern,in various embodiments. In various embodiments, an amount paid to aplayer may be B*(Distance Between the Actual and Designated Outcome). Insome embodiments, the amount paid to a player may be B*(Position ofActual Outcome−Position of Designated Outcome). The position of anoutcome may refer to the physical position of a number on a roulettewheel, with positions labeled “1” through “38” going clockwise from anarbitrary starting point. In some embodiments, positions may be labeled“0” through “37” or may be labeled with any other range of numbers,including fractional, and/or negative numbers. In various embodiments, adistance may be measured in terms of units such as centimeters orinches. In some embodiments, distance may be measured in terms ofdegrees or radians.

In some embodiments, a player may be paid based on the absolute value ofthe difference between an actual outcome and a designated outcome. Forexample, a player may be paid B*|Actual Outcome−Designated Outcome|. Insome embodiments, a player may be paid−B*|Actual Outcome−DesignatedOutcome|.

Note that in any of the formulas described herein, a constant may beadded to the amount paid. This constant may be adjusted so as to resultin a targeted expected payment to the player. For example, a player maybe paid B*(Actual Outcome−Designated Outcome)+C. In various embodiments,the casino may wish to pay the player in such a way as maintain a targethouse edge. The casino may accordingly create or adjust the formula forpaying a player so as to maintain the target house edge. The targethouse edge may be set as the house edge that is present for atraditional bet on roulette (e.g., for a bet on a single number in thetraditional game of roulette).

In various embodiments, a player may be paid based on any function ofthe actual and designated outcomes. For example, the amount paid to aplayer may be F(Actual Outcome, Designated Outcome), where F is anyfunction. In various embodiments, a player may be paid based on anyfunction of the amount bet, the actual outcome, and the designatedoutcome.

In some embodiments, the designated outcome is preset. In someembodiments, the designated outcome is 18. For example, a player is paid0 if the actual outcome is 18. A player is paid 1 if the actual outcomeis 19. A player is paid 2 if the actual outcome is 20, and so on. Aplayer owes 1 if the actual outcome is 17. A player owes 2 if the actualoutcome is 16. A player owes 3 if the actual outcome is 15, and so on. Aplayer may owe 18 if the actual outcome is “0” or “00”.

In various embodiments, a bet on a game of roulette may constitute aspread bet. The “spread” may refer to the distance between an actualoutcome and the designated outcome, whether the distance is numerical,physical, or in some other units.

FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary layout for a roulette wheel. A position of 0is arbitrarily assigned to the outcome “0”. Proceeding clockwise from“0”, each outcome is assigned the next integer position, i.e., 1, 2, andso on up to 36.

In various embodiments, a function may describe the distance between anytwo numbers on a roulette wheel. The function may receive as inputs twonumbers, where such numbers are two different numbers that are found onthe same roulette wheel. The distance may take the form of an integer,such as “0”, “1”, “2”, and so on. The output of the function may be adistance. In various embodiments, the function may be defined and/orimplemented by a table. The table may include a reference columncontaining numbers on a roulette wheel, and a reference row containingnumbers on a roulette wheel. A distance between a first and secondnumber may be found by looking up the first number in the referencecolumn, looking up the second number in the reference row, and findingthe distance in the table that corresponds to both reference numbers. Anexemplary table is depicted in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, a positive distanceindicates the number of positions that the second number is away fromthe first number, going in the clockwise direction. A negative distanceindicates the number of positions that the second number is away fromthe first number in the counter-clockwise direction.

In some embodiments, a function may describe a second number on aroulette wheel that can be found a given distance from a first number.The inputs to the function may include a first number and a distance.The output of the function may be a second number that is the givendistance on the roulette wheel away from the first number. In variousembodiments, the function may be defined and/or implemented by a table.In the table, a reference column may include numbers on a roulettewheel. A reference row may include distances. To find a second number ona roulette wheel that is a given distance from a first number, the firstnumber may be found in the reference column, the distance may be foundin the reference row, and the second number in the table may be foundthat corresponds to both the reference number and the referencedistance. An exemplary table is depicted in FIG. 3.

Note that FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 are based on a layout of a European roulettewheel. The roulette wheel has a “0” space, but no “00” space. However,it will be appreciated that similar tables could readily be constructedfor an American roulette wheel, or for a roulette wheel with any layoutof outcomes besides that depicted in FIG. 1. All such tables arecontemplated by various embodiments.

In various embodiments, a player may be paid based on a non-linearfunction of the distance between an actual outcome and a designatedoutcome. The distance may be a numerical distance a physical distance,or any other distance. For example, a player may be paid based on thecube of the distance between an actual outcome and a designated outcome.For example, a payment to a player may be equal to B*(Distance BetweenActual and Designated Outcome){circumflex over ( )}3, where B is someconstant.

In some embodiments, a player may be paid according to a binaryfunction. The player may be paid a first amount if the actual outcome isa positive distance from the designated outcome, and a second amount ifthe actual outcome is a negative distance from the designated outcome.For example, if the designated outcome is 18, a player may be paid anamount equal to his bet if the actual outcome is greater than 18, andmay lose an amount equal to his bet if the actual outcome is less than18. If the actual outcome is equal to 18, the player may either win orlose, in various embodiments, or may tie.

In some embodiments, one or more outcomes may be designated. A playermay place a bet and win if the designated outcomes do not occur. Forexample, a player may designate the numbers 1 through 5. The player maywin if a number other than 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 occurs. If a number from 1to 5 does occur, the player may lose his bet. As will be appreciated,payout odds may be determined based on the number of outcomes and/orbased on the likelihood of outcomes designated by the player. Forexample, payout odds may be set very low if a player designates only onenumber since it is highly likely that the number won't come up. However,payout odds may be set higher if a player designates all numbers over10, since there is a good chance that a number over 10 will occur.

In various embodiments, the actual outcome of a spin of a roulette wheelmay be detected automatically. For example, the “Roulette wheel winningnumber detection system” described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,616,530 to Pearce,et al. may be used to automatically determine an actual outcome in agame of roulette. U.S. Pat. No. 6,616,530 is incorporated by referenceherein. The payout to a player may be calculated automatically based ona determination of an actual outcome, based on a calculation of adifference between the actual outcome and a designated outcome, andbased on a calculation of a function of the difference.

Various embodiments describe the use of data in a gaming context, suchas in the context of casino gaming, mobile gaming, charity bingo, oron-line gaming. In various embodiments, data generated in a first gamemay be used in a second game. For example, a set of data may begenerated in a first game. The set of data may be used to determine anoutcome of the first game. The same set of data may also be used todetermine an outcome of a second game. For example, in a game ofblackjack, 14 cards may be dealt. Data indicating the ranks and suits ofthe 14 cards may be recorded. Such data may later be used to conduct agame of video poker. In conducting the game of video poker, data about afirst 5 of the 14 cards may be presented to a player, leaving 9 cardsremaining. The player may select 3 discards, after which data about 3replacement cards may be presented to the player from the data about the9 cards remaining. In various embodiments, data in a first game may begenerated through physical means. Generation of data through physicalmeans may include generating data through a process that is not solelybased on the manipulation of electrons and photons. The generation ofdata through physical means may include the generating an outcome at aroulette wheel, the dealing of one or more cards from a deck of cards,the rolling of a die, or any other physical or partly physical process.The generation of data through physical means may include the generationof a roulette outcome through the manual spinning of a roulette wheel,e.g., by a casino employee. The generation of data through physicalmeans may include the generation of a roulette outcome through theautomatic spinning of a roulette wheel, e.g., by computer controlledmotors. The generation of data through physical means may include therolling of dice by a human, such as a craps player. The generation ofdata through physical means may include the rolling of diceautomatically, e.g., through the motorized spinning of a transparentenclosure containing dice.

In various embodiments, the outcomes and/or the resolutions of events ina first game may be used as inputs for generating outcomes and orresolutions of events in a second game. For example, the outcomes and/orresolutions of events in a first game may serve as random numbers foruse in an algorithm for generating outcomes and/or resolutions in asecond game. In some embodiments, the outcomes and/or resolutions ofevents in a first game may be directly used as outcomes or resolutionsin a second game (e.g., without any further transformations). In variousembodiments, a first game may include a game of a player or a game thathas been conducted automatically (e.g., without participation by anyplayer). In various embodiments, a first game may include a game whereoutcomes or resolutions have been generated through physical processes(e.g., as opposed to electronic processes). For example, the first gamemay include outcomes or resolutions that have been generated through aroll of dice, through a spin of a roulette wheel, through the dealing ofcards, or through any other physical process.

Readers

Data may be recorded from a first game in various ways. In someembodiments, a human may manually enter data from a game. For example, acasino employee may use a key board to key in the numbers 4 and 3,representing the numbers rolled on two dice in a game of craps. In someembodiments, a sensor or reader may detect and record data from a game.A roulette reader may detect and record the spaces in which a rouletteball has landed following a spin of a roulette wheel. An exemplaryroulette sensing apparatus is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,396,193 toReinhardt, et al., entitled “Roulette wheel directional sensingapparatus”. U.S. Pat. No. 4,396,193 is hereby incorporated by reference.A card shoe may be equipped with sensors and/or algorithms for readingcards dealt from the shoe and determining data about the cards, such asrank and suit. An exemplary such card shoe is described in U.S. Pat. No.7,029,009 to Grauzer, et al., entitled “Playing card dealing shoe withautomated internal card feeding and card reading”. U.S. Pat. No.7,029,009 is hereby incorporated by reference. In various embodiments, acamera may capture images of a game being played. Data may be extractedfrom such images, including data about cards dealt, data about rolls ofdice, and data about a number generated at a roulette wheel. Such datamay be extracted using image processing algorithms, for example. U.S.Pat. No. 4,531,187 to Uhland, entitled “Game monitoring apparatus”describes a “means for optically monitoring the cards played” in a game.U.S. Pat. No. 4,531,187 is hereby incorporated by reference.

Camera

In various embodiments, a camera may record footage of a first gamebeing played. For example, a camera may record footage of dice beingrolled, of cards being dealt, of a roulette wheel being spun, and so on.In various embodiments, the footage may be stored. In variousembodiments, the footage may be stored in association with one or moretags or other data, including a date during which the filmed game wasplayed, a time during which the game was played, a game identifier, anidentifier for a player in the game (e.g., a player's name), anidentifier for a dealer in the game, a location of the game, a casino inwhich the game was played, an indication of the type of game beingplayed (e.g., blackjack; e.g.; craps), and so on. Subsequent to thevideo footage being recorded, a player involved in a second game mayindicate a desire to see the video footage. The player in the secondgame may be involved in a game that uses data from the game depicted inthe video footage. For example, the player involved in the second gamemay be involved in a game of video poker that uses the same cardsoriginally dealt in a game of blackjack. The player may desire to seefilm footage of the game of blackjack. The player may desire to see thefilm footage so as to verify that the cards dealt in the game ofblackjack, which are the same cards now being used in his own game, weredealt fairly. Any tags stored in association with the video footage mayaid the house or casino in retrieving the video footage upon a player'srequest. For example, data used in a second game may be tagged with anidentifier of a first game. A player in the second game may request tosee video footage of how that data was generated in the first game.Accordingly, a casino may search for video footage that is stored inassociation with the identifier. Any such video footage may then beretrieved and shown to the player in the second game.

Skins

In various embodiments, data generated in a first game may be used in asecond game. One or more algorithms may be used to transform the datafrom the first game into data suitable for use in the second game. Forexample, data from a first game may include number in a first range.Data suitable for use in a second game may include numbers in a secondrange. Accordingly, for example, data from the first range may be mappedto the second range using a mathematical transformation, such asmultiplication or division by a constant. For example, data from a firstgame may include data about cards dealt in the first game (e.g., thefirst game is game of blackjack). Such data may take the form ofnumbers, where the numbers 1 through 52 each represent a different cardin a standard deck of 52 cards. Data required for the second game mayinclude numerical data in the range of 1 to 6, since the second game maybe a dice game (e.g., craps). Accordingly, data from the range of 1 to52 may be mapped to data in the range of 1 to 6. The mapping may occuras follows. It will be appreciated that many other mappings arepossible. A number from 1 to 52 is completely discarded if the number is49, 50, 51, or 52. If a number is discarded, a second number is thenused (e.g., a number representing a different card that was dealt in thefirst game). If a number is not discarded, the number is divided byeight and the result is rounded up to the nearest integer. Thus, thenumber 1 will map to the number 1, the number 2 will map to the number1, the number 8 will map to the number 1, the number 9 will map to thenumber 2, the number 17 will map to the number 3, and the number 48 willmap to the number 6. A mapping has thus been accomplished from a game ofcards to a game of dice. Two or more cards may be used from the game ofcards (more than two cards may be needed if one of the cards isrepresented by a number greater than 48) to conduct a roll of dice in agame of craps.

Once data suitable for use in the second game is obtained, anappropriate skin may be used with the second game. The skin may includegraphics and play patterns that make the second game more familiar tothe player of the second game. For example, once data has been generatedwhich includes numbers between 1 and 6, the casino (or a device of thecasino, such as a gaming device) may be used to graphically render thegeneration of outcomes that corresponds to the data. For example, ifnumbers 3 and 6 have been generated as data suitable for a second game,the casino may show graphical depictions of the numbers 3 and 6 beingrolled on a pair of dice. Thus, the player may engage in a game ofcraps.

Note that in various embodiments, data used in a second game may bebased on data that has been derived from a first game which was playedin the past. Thus, the outcome of the second game may be pre-determined,in some sense. However, since the player of the second game may not befamiliar with the first game, or since the player may not be familiarwith the algorithm used to transform data from the first game into dataused in the second game, the player may be unable to take advantage ofadvanced knowledge of the outcome of the second game.

In various embodiments, data generated in a first game may be used in asecond game that is played on a gaming device. The gaming device may bea slot machine, video poker machine, video bingo machine, mobile gamingdevice (e.g., a mobile gaming device as defined by Nevada bill AB 471),and so on. In various embodiments, data generated in a first game may beused in a second game that is played over a network. Data generated in afirst game may be used in Internet gaming, such as in conducting asecond game at an on-line casino. Similarly, video footage from thefirst game may be available for a player who participates in the secondgame at the on-line casino. By viewing the video footage, the player maybecome more confident that the data being used in the second game wasgenerated fairly.

Auditing the Data Generated in the First Game

In various embodiments, data generated at a first game or a first seriesof games may be tested or audited to provide verification that the datais fair. In various embodiments, a test may be performed to verify thatthe data conforms to some statistical distribution. The statisticaldistribution may be a distribution that is generally thought to governin the one or more random processes used to generate the data. Forexample, a set of data may include data about 10,000 outcomes generatedat one of a group of roulette wheels, each roulette wheel having 38spaces. An applicable statistical distribution may predict that eachpossible outcome of the roulette wheel would occur approximately onceevery 38 outcomes, or approximately 263 times out of the data set of10,000 outcomes. Thus, a test of the data about the 10,000 outcomesmight test that each of the 38 possible outcomes of a roulette wheeloccurred approximately 263 times out of the 10,000 outcomes. The testsmay allow for some deviation. For example, it may be consideredacceptable for an outcome to occur from 213 to 313 times. However, if anoutcome occurs a number of times that is not between 213 and 313, thenthe data may be considered suspicious. Data may be required to pass oneor more tests, such as tests of statistical distribution, before thedata will be permitted to be used in a second game.

In various embodiments, a player may bet on geometrical configurationsof numbers or outcomes at a roulette wheel. In some embodiments, aplayer may bet on numbers that are exactly opposite to one another on aroulette wheel (or as close to being exactly opposite as possible). Insome embodiments, a player may bet on numbers that are 180 degrees aparton the roulette wheel. A player may bet on a group of geometricallyrelated numbers using a single bet. For example, player may make a betthat wins if the either the numbers “0” or “5” appear on a roulettewheel. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the positions of “0” (position 0) andof “5” (position 18) are opposite to one another on the roulette wheeldescribed. The player may win his bet if either the number 0 or thenumber 5 appears. The player may win, for example, 17 times his bet ifhe wins.

In some embodiments, a player may bet on four numbers which effectivelyform four points of a compass. A player may bet on four numbers whichtogether divide the roulette wheel into four arcs of equal orapproximately equal length. The player may place a single bet and maywin if any of the four numbers appear. In some embodiments, a player mayplace a bet on N numbers which together divide the roulette wheel into Narcs of equal or approximately equal length. The player may have thebenefit of placing a single bet on the N numbers. The player may havethe benefit of being able to place a bet on a series of numbers forminga geometrical pattern without having to determine the geometricalpattern on his own. For example, a player can place a bet on two numbersthat are 180 degrees apart on a roulette wheel without having tomanually inspect the roulette wheel and determine which two numbers are180 degrees apart. In various embodiments, bets may be available for anyconceivable geometrical pattern of numbers. For example, a player maybet on a pattern of numbers that represent the five points of a star.The player may place a single bet to bet on numbers in the pattern.

In some embodiments, a player may bet that numbers of a particularpattern of numbers will each occur once in a series of sequential spins.For example, a player may place a bet on five numbers that form thepoints of a five-pointed star. The player may win his bet if each of thenumbers occurs once in the next five spins of the roulette wheel. Insome embodiments, a player may bet that a particular pattern of numberswill occur in a particular order during a sequential set of spins. Forexample, a player may bet that five numbers forming the five points of astar will occur in a particular order.

In various embodiments, as numbers occur during spins of a roulettewheel, a screen or other display device may show a line being drawn toconnect the numbers which have occurred, e.g., on a graphic rendering ofa roulette wheel. For example, after a first and second spin, a line maybe drawn connecting the number which occurred in the first spin with thenumber which occurred in the second spin. After a third spin, a line maybe drawn from the number which occurred in the second spin to the numberwhich occurred in the third spin. In various embodiments, a player mayhave the objective of forming a particular geometric pattern as linesare drawn between the numbers occurring on successive spins of theroulette wheel. For example, a player may bet that a box shape will bedrawn in the next four spins. The player may win if any box shape isdrawn. For example, a player may bet that a five-pointed star will bedrawn.

In various embodiments, a player may bet on the occurrence of any numberin a geometrical pattern of numbers. For example, a player may bet thatany one of four numbers that divide the wheel into equal length arcswill occur. The player may also bet on numbers that are adjacent to theaforementioned numbers. Thus, for example, a player may bet on twelvenumbers, such that there are four groups of three numbers, and thecenter numbers in each group of three together divide the wheel intofour arcs of equal length. In this way, a player may bet on a particulargeometric pattern, but may increase his chances of winning the bet byalso betting on nearby numbers to those numbers defining the geometricalpattern. In another example, a player may bet on a first set of twonumbers that are opposite one another. The player may also bet on asecond set of two numbers such that each number in the second set is onespace clockwise on the roulette wheel from one of the numbers in thefirst set of two numbers.

In various embodiments, a player may bet on a major geometrical patternof numbers. The major geometrical pattern may be augmented with minorpatterns. For example, the major pattern may consist of three numbersconstituting a first set of numbers that divide the roulette wheel intoarcs of three approximately equal lengths. The minor patterns may beoffshoots of the three numbers constituting the first set of numbers,with each minor pattern consisting of one of the three numbers of thefirst set of numbers together with a number two clockwise spaces away,and another number two counter clockwise spaces away.

In various embodiments, payout ratios may be set for bets on variouscombinations of numbers in such a way as to mimic payout ratios if aplayer placed individual bets on the numbers. For example, suppose eachnumber at a roulette wheel had a payout ratio of 35. That is, suppose aplayer could win 35 times his bet, and keep his initial bet, by bettingon a single number and winning. If the player bet $1 on two separatenumbers and won on one of them, the player would make a profit of $34.Having bet two dollars, the payout ratio would be 17. Thus, in variousembodiments, a bet on a single geometric combination of two numbers mayhave a payout ratio of 17. In various embodiments, a payout ratio for acombination of numbers may be different from the payout ratio that wouldbe had by betting on the numbers separately. For example, the payoutratio may be lower (e.g., to make the player pay for the convenience ofmaking one bet rather than two) or higher (e.g., to encourage the playerto try new types of bets).

In various embodiments, a player may customize the roulette wheel. Invarious embodiments, a player may choose the location of one or morenumbers. For example, the player may choose to have the number 5 next tothe number 0 on the roulette wheel. Accordingly, the number that used tobe by the number 0 may be swapped for the number 5. In variousembodiments, the customization of the roulette wheel may or may notactually occur physically. If the customization occurs physically then,for example, a laser projector may project images of new numbers ontothe roulette wheel based on the player's desired customizations. Forexample, a laser projector may project the number 5 next to the number 0at the roulette wheel. In various embodiments, a physical customizationmay not occur. In various embodiments, a player may define a mappingfunction that maps a desired or customized layout to the actual layoutof the roulette wheel. The mapping function may also be defined by thecasino. The player may indicate bets using his customized roulettelayout. The number the player bet on may be mapped to an (e.g.,different) number on the roulette wheel according to the mappingfunction. If the different number to which the player's chosen numberhas mapped actually occurs on the physical roulette wheel, then theplayer may win his bet. In various embodiments, a player may customizethe roulette wheel such that his favored numbers (e.g., three of hislucky numbers) are adjacent on the roulette wheel, or such that hisfavored numbers lie at his favored locations.

In some embodiments, by defining a customization, a player mayautomatically place a bet. For example, if a player wishes for threeparticular numbers to lie adjacent on the roulette wheel, then theplayer may automatically define a bet on those three numbers.

In some embodiments, a player may bet on a number that lies a defineddistance from the ball. For example, a player may place a bet on anumber that is two spaces clockwise from the number where the ballactually lands. Thus, if the ball lands two spaces counter-clockwisefrom the player's number, the player may win.

In various embodiments, there could be random translations of actualwheel numbers to other wheel numbers.

In various embodiments, a player could pay for the option to jiggle thewheel one to the left or one to the right. Thus, for example, a playerwho had bet on a number one space clockwise or counter-clockwise fromwhere the ball actually landed might win. In some embodiments, thedirection of jiggling of the wheel e.g., left or right, might be chosenat random. The direction might also be picked by the casino.

The following are embodiments, not claims:

A. An apparatus comprising:

a wheel with a plurality of slots, in which the wheel is free to spinabout an axis;

a smooth track surrounding the wheel for rolling a ball;

a handle for spinning the wheel; and

a laser disposed above the wheel along the axis of the wheel. The lasermay be mobile, or at least a mirror or reflector within the laser mayallow the beam to move. In various embodiments, through rapid movementof the beam, the laser may trace out letters, numbers, or otherpatterns.

B. The apparatus of embodiment A in which the laser is operable to tracea pattern on the wheel. In various embodiments, the laser may move thepattern in conjunction with the motion of the wheel. Thus, the laser mayproject a pattern which appears to remain in the same place on thewheel, even though the wheel may be spinning.C. The apparatus of embodiment A in which the laser is operable to tracea different number adjacent to each of the plurality of slots. Forexample, the laser may trace or project the numbers 0 through 37 next todifferent slots on the wheel. In various embodiments, the laser mayproject the number 00 next to a slot on the wheel.D. The apparatus of embodiment A further comprising an input device. Theinput device may include a keypad, touch screen, mouse, or other inputdevice. The input device may allow a player to input an ordering ofnumbers to be displayed or projected upon a roulette wheel. In this way,for example, a player may set up a customized roulette wheel.E. The apparatus of embodiment D further comprising a computing device,in which the computing device is operable to:

receive an indication of one of the plurality of slots;

receive an indication of a number; and

direct the laser to trace the number adjacent to the indicated slot.

F. An apparatus comprising a computing device operable to:

receive an indication of a bet;

receive an indication of an amount of the bet;

receive an indication of a first number on which the bet has beenplaced;

receive an indication of a second number that has occurred in a game;

determine a difference based on the first number and the second number;and

determine a payout based on the amount of the bet and based on thedifference.

G. The apparatus of embodiment F in which to determine a payout includesto:

determine a payout which is equal to the product of a predeterminedconstant, the bet amount, and the difference.

H. The apparatus of embodiment F in which to determine a payout includesto:

determine a payout which is equal to the sum of a first predeterminedconstant and the product of a second predetermined constant, the betamount, and the difference.

I. The apparatus of embodiment F in which the game is a game ofroulette.

J. The apparatus of embodiment F in which the difference is a numericaldifference between the first number and the second number.

K. The apparatus of embodiment F in which the difference is a differencein position between a first slot on a roulette wheel associated with thefirst number, and a second slot on the roulette wheel associated withthe second number. The difference in position may represent a number ofslots difference (e.g., there is a three slot difference), a number ofdegrees of difference, a number of radians difference, or any othermeasure of a difference in position.L. The apparatus of embodiment F in which to determine a payout includesto determine a negative payout based on the amount of the bet and basedon the difference.M. The apparatus of embodiment L in which the computing device isfurther operable to deduct value from a player account based on thenegative payout. In the event of a negative payout, for example, aplayer may owe money to the casino.N. The apparatus of embodiment L in which the computing device isfurther operable to prompt a croupier to collect money from a playerbased on the negative payout.O. An apparatus comprising a computing device operable to:

receive an indication of a geometrical pattern;

determine a set of numbers on a roulette wheel which define vertices ofthe geometrical pattern;

receive an indication of a first bet that has been made on thegeometrical pattern;

receive an indication of an amount of the first bet;

determine a first number that occurs as the outcome of a roulette game;

determine if the first number is one of the set of numbers; and

determine a first payout based on the amount of the first bet and basedon whether the first number is one of the set of numbers.

P. The apparatus of embodiment O in which the geometrical pattern is oneof:

(a) a square;

(b) an equilateral triangle; and

(c) a star.

Q. The apparatus of embodiment O in which to determine a first payoutincludes to determine a first payout based on the amount of the firstbet, based on whether the first number is one of the set of numbers, andbased on how many numbers there are in the set of numbers. For example,the more numbers in the set of numbers, the lower the payout.R. The apparatus of embodiment O in which the computing device isfurther operable to receive an indication of a second number, in whichto determine a set of numbers includes to determine a set of numbers ona roulette wheel which includes the second number and which definevertices of the geometrical pattern. Thus, the second number may serveas an anchor point. The other numbers in the set of numbers may then bedetermined by anchoring the geometrical pattern to the second number onthe roulette wheel and then seeing or determining where other verticeson the pattern fall.S. The apparatus of embodiment O in which the computing device isfurther operable to:

receive an indication of a second payment;

determine a second number which is a predetermined number of slots awayfrom the first number on the roulette wheel;

determine if the second number is one of the set of numbers; and

determine a second payout based on whether the second number is one ofthe set of numbers.

For example, a player may pay to spin or jiggle a roulette wheel alittle bit after an outcome has been determined. The player may thushave a chance to win if the number he has bet on (or one of the numbershe has bet on) is near to the number that has actually occurred.

T. The apparatus of embodiment S in which the predetermined number ofslots is one slot.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising: a roulette wheelwith a plurality of slots, in which each of the slots corresponds to anumber; and a computing device comprising a non-transitory memoryconfigured to store instructions that, when executed by the computingdevice, cause the apparatus to: determine first and second numbers thatoccur as respective first and second outcomes of a roulette game; inresponse to the first and second numbers being determined as the firstand second outcomes, cause display of first indicia on the roulettewheel indicating connection of the first number with the second number;and cause display of the first indicia to move in conjunction withmotion of the roulette wheel, such that, when the roulette wheel isspinning, the first indicia appears to remain in a same place on theroulette wheel.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions,when executed by the computing device, cause the apparatus to: determinea third number that occurs as a third outcome of the roulette game; andin response to the third number being determined as the third outcome,cause display of second indicia on the roulette wheel indicatingconnection of the second number with the third number simultaneouslywith display of the first indicia on the roulette wheel.
 3. Theapparatus of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed by thecomputing device, cause the apparatus to: receive an indication of afirst bet that has been made on a geometrical pattern formed by at leastthe first and second indicia; receive an indication of an amount of thefirst bet; determine a fourth number that occurs as a fourth outcome ofthe roulette game; determine whether the fourth number is one of a setof the numbers defining points of the geometrical pattern; and determinea balance adjustment based on the amount of the first bet and based onwhether the first number is one of the set of the numbers.
 4. Theapparatus of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed by thecomputing device, cause the apparatus to: display the fourth number thatoccurs as a fourth outcome of the roulette game on the roulette wheel;and determine a number of slots way from the third number that thefourth number is caused to be displayed on the roulette wheel.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 4 wherein the instructions, when executed by thecomputing device, cause the apparatus to determine a balance adjustmentbased on the number of slots away being less than some amount butgreater than zero.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein theinstructions, when executed by the computing device, cause the apparatusto determine the balance adjustment which is equal to the product of apredetermined constant, a bet amount, and the number of slots.
 7. Theapparatus of claim 5, in which determining the balance adjustmentincludes determining a negative balance adjustment based on the amountof the bet and based on the number of slots.
 8. The apparatus of claim7, in which the instructions, when executed by the computing device,cause the apparatus to: prompt a croupier to collect money from a playerbased on the negative balance adjustment.
 9. The apparatus of claim 3,wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, causethe apparatus to: display an indication of the set of the numbers. 10.The apparatus of claim 3, in which determining the balance adjustmentincludes determining a first payout based on an amount of numbers thatare in the set of the numbers over a set of outcomes of the roulettewheel, in which the set of outcomes includes the third outcome.
 11. Theapparatus of claim 3, in which the points include vertices of thegeometrical pattern.
 12. The apparatus of claim 3, in which the patternincludes an arc and the points include points along the arc.
 13. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by thecomputing device, cause the apparatus to: receive an indication of asecond geometrical pattern defined by a plurality of second pointsrespectively corresponding to respective second slots on the roulettewheel for display on the roulette wheel, in which the second geometricalpattern is selected from a plurality of available geometrical patterns.14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed bythe computing device, cause the apparatus to cause the first and secondnumbers to be displayed adjacent to respective first and second slots ofthe plurality of slots.
 15. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:one or more lasers, and in which causing display of the first indiciaincludes causing the one or more lasers to project the first indicia.